Autism and ADHD: What's the Connection?

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are considered neurodevelopment disorders. Both affect how the brain develops and, as a result, impact the central nervous system. This in turn may affect communication, social skills, memory, and movement. Research is inconclusive on why these two disorders commonly occur alongside each other, but it has definitely identified the overlap.

Another thing ASD and ADHD have in common is that they include a genetic component and are passed down in families. They both manifest in impulsive behavior and an inability to sit still. Focus and organization are both a struggle, and decision-making is impaired by both disorders.

These two developmental disorders are so similar that some people have been led to believe that ADHD is a symptom of autism. However, this is not the case. While they could spring from a common origin, every individual with ADHD does not have ASD and vice versa. The two are clearly similar, perhaps even related, but distinct disorders.

There are many differences in the features of ASD and ADHD. For example, while a child with autism spectrum disorder may have a difficult time expressing themselves or even be nonverbal, a child with ADHD will often talk nonstop and be very expressive and animated. ADHD will often make it hard for a child to know when they are disrupting others or interrupting; they often must have the last word, in a very literal way. A child with ASD may not make eye contact or understand the give-and-take nature of a conversation; they may not respond to conversational cues. As you can imagine, both disorders thus affect one’s ability to communicate, but in different ways.

Approximately 3 out of every 10 children with autism are also diagnosed with ADHD. This diagnosis rate is three times higher than for children outside of the autism population. Whatever the reason for this, it is important knowledge to have when supporting your own child with autism or ADHD. Work with your child’s doctor and team of professionals if you suspect your child may need an additional diagnosis and intervention.

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